What is Stationarity in Time Series Analysis?
Stationarity in Time Series is one of the common assumptions in many of the time series analysis techniques. A stationary time series (or the underlying process) has mean, variance, and autocorrelation structure that do no change over time. Visually, a stationary time series will be a flat looking series, without trend, constant variance over time, a constant autocorrelation structure over time and no periodic fluctuations. In real-life scenarios lot of time series are not stationary, we need to often transform it to a stationary time series with one of the following techniques:
- Differencing the Data: One of the ways in which a time series can be transformed to a stationary time series is by taking the difference of the data. Suppose we are given a time series Z(t), we can create a new series (Yi=Z(i)−Z(i−1)). There will be one point less than the original data in this new differenced time series. We might be required to difference the data more than once, however, one difference is usually sufficient.
- Whenever there is a trend present in the data series, we can fit curve to the data and then model the residuals from that fit. After the trend is removed from the data, the time series often become stationary, or else we can use differencing to convert it into stationary time series.
- If the time series has got non-constant variance, we can take the logarithm or square root of the series. This may stabilize the variance in the data. If the data has negative values, we can add a suitable constant to make all the data positive and then apply the transformation. Later, the constant value can then be subtracted from the model to obtain fitted or the predicted values and forecasts for future points.
The above techniques are intended to generate series with constant location and scale. Although seasonality also violates stationarity, this is usually explicitly incorporated into the time series model.
(Source: NIST/SEMATECH e-Handbook of Statistical Methods)
Click Here to Read About Data Analysis Chapter of Your Research Work
Pingback: Google
Pingback: gayhub
Pingback: 1xbet ug
Pingback: sex education
Pingback: intimacy capsules
Pingback: 메리트카지노
Pingback: 우리카지노
Pingback: 퍼스트카지노
Pingback: مباراة اليوم
Pingback: how to use a g spot vibrator
Pingback: Trans Hub Porn
Pingback: eporner
Pingback: order oxycodone online
Pingback: Gay Hub XXX
Pingback: Havanese puppies for sale
Pingback: Mining
Pingback: MILF Porn
Pingback: Online Advertising
Pingback: best broker for loan
Pingback: 샌즈카지노
Pingback: 메리트카지노
Pingback: 코인카지노
Pingback: Mississippi Fake driver's license
Pingback: Buy Oxycodone Online
Pingback: buy kratom online
Pingback: kratom for sleep
Pingback: 우리카지노
Pingback: 퍼스트카지노
Pingback: ROVE CARTS FOR SALE
Pingback: matched betting sites
Pingback: Great Dane puppies for sale
Pingback: Real Estate/Construction Recruitment Firm
Pingback: safestore auto
Pingback: free download for windows 7
Pingback: pc apps download for windows 7
Pingback: free download for windows 8
Pingback: divorce lawyer singapore
Pingback: mp3
Pingback: Nebraska Fake driver's license
Pingback: large canvas art
Pingback: buy onax 2mg online
Pingback: MAGIC MUSHROOM GROW KIT
Pingback: click here
Pingback: Pc reparatur rapperswil
Pingback: Herbal incense
Pingback: Herbal incense
Pingback: Hair Extensions
Pingback: guns for sale craigslist
Pingback: buy shipping containers online
Pingback: Canada Pharmacy
Pingback: usa canada pharmacy
Pingback: bitcoincard
Pingback: Buy Weed Online Northern Ireland.
Pingback: modular buildings for sale
Pingback: 24 awg wire
Pingback: buy card
Pingback: pharmacies in canada
Pingback: delta 8 THC near me
Pingback: Services
Pingback: stealth shipping of cheap cocaine
Pingback: Vidalista 40mg
Pingback: psilocybe cubensis
Pingback: siamese kittens for sale near me
Pingback: End Of Tenancy Cleaning Colliers Wood
Pingback: Guns for sale
Pingback: Web Design and SEO Company In Azerbaijan
Pingback: Used Shipping Containers for Sale
Pingback: buy Instagram followers
Pingback: Buy Dmt Vape pen with Bitcoins online
Pingback: buy shipping container
Pingback: buy cbd hemp flowers in Europe
Pingback: buy disposable gloves uk
Pingback: adhd for sale usa
Pingback: minecraft crossplay
Pingback: Nanimo SEO
Pingback: GOLDEN SUNRISE STRAIN
Pingback: xnxz
Pingback: Website
Pingback: pegging with a strap on
Pingback: SEA CARGO
Pingback: service in canada
Pingback: good tinder profile
Pingback: star wars pinball machine
Pingback: about
Pingback: rabbit vibrator
Pingback: Glock 17 Sights
Pingback: Bàn học thông minh
Pingback: lovoo match spiel
Pingback: oasis free dating
Pingback: ok free dating net
Pingback: adult dating chat sites
Pingback: best sex toys
Pingback: spanking bdsm
Pingback: נערות ליווי בחיפה
Pingback: real dildo
Pingback: mobile homes for rent in westmoreland county
Pingback: Winchester 9422 for sale
Pingback: butt plugs
Pingback: rechargeable vibrator
Pingback: shotgun for sale
Pingback: istanbul pendik escort
Pingback: best canadian pharmacy
Pingback: slot online
Pingback: electric motorcycle
Pingback: myths about women and sex
Pingback: vibrating anal plug
Pingback: Gun Shops near me
Pingback: strap on dildo
Pingback: best sex games
Pingback: g spot vibrator
Pingback: nba hoop troop arcade game
Pingback: pinball machines for sale
Pingback: PARROTS FOR SALE
Pingback: software review
Pingback: abdl dating
Pingback: PULVERIZER
Pingback: free hookup dating sites
Pingback: kratom capsules
Pingback: totally free dating sites
Pingback: kratom for sale
Pingback: dating game killer movie
Pingback: onlinedatingtwo.com
Pingback: buy Instagram likes
Pingback: best delta 8 thc gummies
Pingback: realistic dildo
Pingback: tides today at tides.today
Pingback: keto diet coke
Pingback: Keto die
Pingback: keto diet for beginner
Pingback: Factory License Delhi
Pingback: Marijuana Gummies
Pingback: buy delta 8 THC
Pingback: buy weed
Pingback: bachelor's degree
Pingback: sasha grey pocket stroker
Pingback: rechargeable vibrator
Pingback: anal sex toys
Pingback: rechargeable vibrator
Pingback: buy weed
Pingback: weed near me
Pingback: Seattle Weekly
Pingback: dispensary near me
Pingback: weed near me
Pingback: how long do shrooms stay in your system
Pingback: buy tiktok followers
Pingback: glock 32
Pingback: buy ruger guns online
Pingback: raw garden cartridges
Pingback: ruger guns for sale
Pingback: movers Kelowna
Pingback: Glock Guns for sale
Pingback: Surat utang obligasi
Pingback: Restaurant
Pingback: MURANG'A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Pingback: MILF Porn Land
Pingback: istanbul escort
Pingback: tuzla escort
Pingback: Parksville Roofing Company
Pingback: canadian pharmacy
Pingback: Catnapper
Pingback: Sig Romeo
Pingback: Best Exotic Pets
Pingback: 300 blackout mags bulk
Pingback: Barbell Set
Pingback: order whole alligator
Pingback: how to get rid of love handles
Pingback: storage building near me
Pingback: adam and eve vibrators
Pingback: poarol
Pingback: Find out more
Pingback: HBCU Olypmic Token
Pingback: software reviewer
Pingback: Firearms for sale online
Pingback: mango juul pods for sale
Pingback: canada pharmacy canada pharmacy
Pingback: معرفة هوية المتصل
Pingback: buy wax cartridges online
Pingback: kush online
Pingback: where to buy glo extracts
Pingback: Buy Ruger Guns Online USA
Pingback: canada pharmacy canada pharmacy
Pingback: ptsd
Pingback: gay site
Pingback: click here
Pingback: masturbation
Pingback: DEPRESSION
Pingback: penis enlargement sleeve
Pingback: wireless remote control butterfly
Pingback: vacuum erection device
Pingback: eyup escort
Pingback: canada pharmacy
Pingback: Heroin For Sale
Pingback: US Trending News
Pingback: สมัคร happyluke
Pingback: vibrating wand massager
Pingback: male masturbators
Pingback: best sex toys for men
Pingback: best way to clean silicon sex toys
Pingback: AMI Healthcare International Hospital Operations Management
Pingback: avcılar escort
Pingback: kagithane escort
Pingback: esenyurt escort
Pingback: happyluke
Pingback: how to use ben wa balls
Pingback: Microdose Capsules
Pingback: sex education
Pingback: canadianpharmacyking.com
Pingback: male p spot massager
Pingback: sensuelle massager
Pingback: mersin escort
Pingback: buy weed with bitcoin
Pingback: Takeout
Pingback: fun88
Pingback: remote control underwear
Pingback: prostate massager
Pingback: vibrator
Pingback: vibrating stroker
Pingback: Easypulse portable oxygen concentrator
Pingback: silicone vibrator
Pingback: Best Realistic Masturbator
Pingback: learn more
Pingback: lottovip
Pingback: hosting deals
Pingback: ground lease
Pingback: lottovip
Pingback: prostate vibrators
Pingback: pocket masturbator
Pingback: how to masturbate using a dildo
Pingback: realistic dildos
Pingback: معرفة صاحب الرقم
Pingback: Diablo strain
Pingback: 99defi.network
Pingback: catalca escort
Pingback: site de streaming
Pingback: car transport car delivery
Pingback: site de streaming
Pingback: film streaming
Pingback: ctrl coin crypto exchange
Pingback: Source
Pingback: most realistic male masturbator
Pingback: sex and myths facts
Pingback: sex
Pingback: best bullet vibrator
Pingback: w88live
Pingback: pocket vagina
Pingback: best in ottawa
Pingback: st raphael school bhopal
Pingback: walther pdp compact for sale
Pingback: 메이저놀이터
Pingback: 머니상
Pingback: russian clothing
Pingback: How to get to Murchison Falls National Park
Pingback: always
Pingback: Thc Vape oil
Pingback: big chief blackwater og
Pingback: African gray for sale near me
Pingback: dachshund puppies for sale
Pingback: NAPHYRONE FOR SALE
Pingback: us online pharmacies
Pingback: South Leeds Academy
Pingback: sex advice
Pingback: clit sex toys
Pingback: بديل تروكولر
Pingback: aranżacja wnętrz Gdynia
Pingback: free download for pc windows
Pingback: free download for windows 10
Pingback: games for pc download
Pingback: games for pc download
Pingback: free download for windows xp
Pingback: mp3 juices
Pingback: download app apk for windows pc
Pingback: baby sugar gliders for sale
Pingback: Site vitrine Wordpress
Pingback: IT Services Bridgwater
Pingback: Sig Sauer Pistols For Sale
Pingback: Pinball Machines for Sale
Pingback: Livestock for sale
Pingback: Gorilla trekking in Uganda or rwanda
Pingback: Macbook akku reparatur rüti
Pingback: 3 Day Bwindi Gorilla Trekking Tour
Pingback: FARMING EQUIPMENT FOR SALE IN KZN
Pingback: best male sex toys
Pingback: ارقام بنات
Pingback: Serengeti African safari
Pingback: aromatherapy
Pingback: web sajt
Pingback: lowesnet
Pingback: Buy Methadone 10mg online
Pingback: MARIJUANA PUFF BAR
Pingback: springfield edge
Pingback: taurus gx4
Pingback: p320 m17
Pingback: walther ccp m2 9mm
Pingback: ballys slot machines for sale
Pingback: mossberg 590 shockwave for sale
Pingback: buy nembutal online
Pingback: stiiizy-battery near me/
Pingback: magic mushrooms
Pingback: magic mushrooms
Pingback: background check service
Pingback: pods mango
Pingback: armadillo lizard for sale
Pingback: beretta 96 for sale
Pingback: Thc vape juice
Pingback: smith and wesson 45
Pingback: costco gaming chairs
Pingback: discreet weed shop in Miami
Pingback: ethereum mining machine for sale in uk
Pingback: Fennec Fox for Sale Near Me
Pingback: 4 Days Murchison Falls Wildlife Safari
Pingback: gigabyte d33006
Pingback: buy hex dumbbells
Pingback: وكالة تسويق
Pingback: G17 GEN5 MOS FS STANDARD | 9X19MM
Pingback: Browning BL-22
Pingback: stock market community
Pingback: order pills online discreet
Pingback: RissMiner
Pingback: Buy Sig Sauer Guns Online
Pingback: St Giles CofE Primary School
Pingback: dizziness
Pingback: bitcoin
Pingback: alex aniston
Pingback: Uganda Safari
Pingback: Gorilla Trekking
Pingback: beretta guns for sale
Pingback: savage grow plus results
Pingback: live resin cartridges
Pingback: buy sig sauer guns online
Pingback: anami sikin benim
Pingback: pocket vagina
Pingback: masturbators
Pingback: Ketamine powder
Pingback: remington v3 timber
Pingback: Tag Heuer Formula 1
Pingback: dank vape carts for sale
Pingback: canada pharmacy
Pingback: raw garden carts
Pingback: MURANG'A UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Pingback: happyLuke
Pingback: how to clean black money with vitamin c
Pingback: dankwood
Pingback: best testosterone booster
Pingback: Najam vozila Crna Gora
Pingback: Website
Pingback: Buy Alza Concerta Online
Pingback: Bitcoin Mining Rig
Pingback: asus-phoenix-geforce-rtx-3060-12gb-v2-for-sale
Pingback: Buy Alaskan Thunder Fuck
Pingback: CableFreeTV News
Pingback: Gorilla Trekking Safaris Uganda
Pingback: happyruck
Pingback: TÜM HABERLER
Pingback: Virtual card Create instantly
Pingback: bitcoin virtual card
Pingback: powtoon alternatives
Pingback: hennessy paradis for sale
Pingback: affiliate marketing millionaire
Pingback: order counterfeit money
Pingback: e-cigs for sale australia
Pingback: order ruger guns online
Pingback: solar powered generators
Pingback: top rated portable power stations
Pingback: cheap solar panels for home
Pingback: Gadadhar High School Puri Mpl, Wardno05, Puri - 752001
Pingback: Indian Englis SchoolKesupura Sen. Secondary, Bassi, Jaipur - 303903
Pingback: Avalon Academy, Thiruvananthapuram
Pingback: lions
Pingback: the tanks are coming
Pingback: Methadone for sale
Pingback: vibrator
Pingback: how to masturbate using a silicone rechargeable vibrator
Pingback: walther p22 tactical
Pingback: Microdosing Mushrooms
Pingback: browning citori field grade 20 gauge
Pingback: DailyCBD.com
Pingback: Buy Beretta APX
Pingback: Uganda safari vacations
Pingback: buy Fake driving license
Pingback: buy pentobarbital
Pingback: gbl europe
Pingback: buy ecigarettes online
Pingback: buy kimber guns online
Pingback: e-cigarettes for sale
Pingback: - do-si-dos strain
Pingback: tinder gay dating
Pingback: springfield edge
Pingback: remington tac 13 for sale
Pingback: taurus th40 compact
Pingback: best stiiizy pod
Pingback: sig 716
Pingback: 2cb powder
Pingback: stiiizy store
Pingback: food delivery restaurants
Pingback: guns for sale in European union
Pingback: kel-tec sub 2000 gen 2 for sale
Pingback: cz p10c for sale
Pingback: uca.com.vn
Pingback: Source
Pingback: Magic Mushroom Chocolate Bar for sale
Pingback: gbl for sale uk
Pingback: Buy Gamma - Butyrolactone (GBL) online
Pingback: Buy Xanax pills Online
Pingback: Best Paint Sprayer to Buy
Pingback: cigars for sale USA
Pingback: full gram beezle buzz
Pingback: Последние новости
Pingback: domain hosting buy
Pingback: ruger 22/45 lite for sale
Pingback: how to masturbate using silicone vibrators
Pingback: dildo
Pingback: best g spot vibrator
Pingback: vibrating anal plug
Pingback: buy real driving license uk
Pingback: arid university
Pingback: siskiu t8 for sale
Pingback: ZOHYDRO ER PRECIO
Pingback: vibrators for women
Pingback: double ended dong
Pingback: keltec 22 rifle
Pingback: beginners clitoral stimulator
Pingback: beretta apx for sale
Pingback: mossberg military discount
Pingback: krt disposable
Pingback: Krt vape
Pingback: asic bitcoin miners for sale
Pingback: Krt vape
Pingback: where to buy gbl cleaner
Pingback: buy blue ecstasy twitter pill online
Pingback: Hi-Point carbine for sale
Pingback: rabbit vibrator
Pingback: Mt Kilimanjaro hike
Pingback: sex toy review
Pingback: bitcoin api wallet
Pingback: usd to btc instant exchange
Pingback: Buy Marijuana Online
Pingback: Buy Oxycodone online
Pingback: American Tactical Galeo
Pingback: prepaid visacard
Pingback: real estate
Pingback: Remington golden bullet
Pingback: walther ppq vs hk vp9
Pingback: lottovip
Pingback: glock 43x for sale
Pingback: best fleshlight alternatives
Pingback: wand massagers
Pingback: how to use a remote controlled g spot massager
Pingback: tik tok
Pingback: Ps5 for Sale
Pingback: raw gemstones for sale
Pingback: kel tec ks7
Pingback: Glock 34
Pingback: kadikoy escort
Pingback: bitcoin virtual card
Pingback: sex toy review
Pingback: glo cart flavors
Pingback: deliplus
Pingback: apps download for windows 8
Pingback: download app apk for windows pc
Pingback: free app for laptop
Pingback: free download for windows pc
Pingback: free download for windows pc
Pingback: apps for pc download
Pingback: MineFullTrader
Pingback: pc games for windows 8
Pingback: festival
Pingback: free download for pc
Pingback: Colt Python 2020 For Sale
Pingback: masturbator stroker
Pingback: how to massage your clit using clit suction vibrator
Pingback: lipstick packaging
Pingback: Remington golden bullet in stock
Pingback: PlayStation 5 for Sale
Pingback: Uganda Safari tours & holidays
Pingback: poojaescorts.in
Pingback: learn more
Pingback: Krt carts
Pingback: scrap cars
Pingback: BERETTA PX4 STORM FOR SALE
Pingback: CZ Shadow 2
Pingback: ps5 on sale
Pingback: penis extender
Pingback: Takeout Food
Pingback: windows support rüti
Pingback: Rob Black
Pingback: carrefour
Pingback: Lsd for sale
Pingback: Nursing paper help
Pingback: junk car removal
Pingback: escorts Delhi
Pingback: thrusting rabbit vibrator
Pingback: penis pumping
Pingback: learn more
Pingback: cryptocurrency wallet with virtual card
Pingback: Technology News
Pingback: how to deal with premature ejactulation
Pingback: Pinball machines for sale
Pingback: buy magic mushrooms online
Pingback: Platinum haupia
Pingback: Bubblegum Haupia Strain
Pingback: Watermelon haupia
Pingback: Bubble hash
Pingback: Moroccan hash
Pingback: Litto
Pingback: Bubble hash